2.4.1 S/E I: Robotssss

Saliha and Areeba ITGS

Social and Ethical Issues on Robots.

Social and Economic effects on replacing people with robots in the work place:

-its going to be expensive, not all offices will have enough money to replace employers with robots. some may need to cut down on resources for other departments in order to get the robots. (Equality of Access)

-social implications: people will be laid off due to robots taking over the job (AND THE UNIVERSE!) (Control & Security)

Ethical decisions regarding the use of robots in situations that might endanger human beings:

- you’ll have to choose which people would be working with the robots and even still they might be endangered by them.

Social impacts of human interaction with robots: Ex: artificial pets and robots for the disable.

-less responsibility

-not responsible to making robot feel good since they got no feelings. Areeba: there’s no give n take…just TAKE J

-WARNING: you might get attached to the robot and the robot doesn’t have emotions to love you back so you might be emotionally deprived. (Reliability)

Social impact and ethical consideration regarding the use of robots in medicine. For Ex: robotic surgery, computer controlled prostheses.

-robots won’t be able or realizes or understand the pain a human patient goes through after the medicine (anathesetics) wears off.

-if they do surgery and then something goes wrong, robots wont be able to make a decision and handle it since they are programmed to do one thing only. (People & Machines; Reliability)

Reliability of robotic devices particularly in life-threatening situations:

-robots cannot be relied on because even though they might be able to dispense the danger, they won’t be able to fully analyze the situation and hence make the better decision to save a humans life. (Reliability)

artificial intelligence

humungus aoolications
ppl tryna achieve something with their ai stuff
to do planning
south asians obsessed with androids and robots and whatnot

they want ai's to plan and learn.
google is an intelligent software: it ca tell what u like n dnt like.
they want ai's that can do language processing. Also motion and manipulation. (robots)
-perception (like cameras) and be able to percieve what humans go thru.
--> ai is nothing but intelligent agent that can do what humans can: plan, learn, lang process, perception, make friends, creativity, and general intelligence.
--> robots are motion and manipulation

dfgj

GAMING

1. privacy: using online games, on must create account. comes an issue when hacked in. credit card numbers can be stolen.

2. equalit of accces: b=not everyine becine internet acess may not be working

3. ppl n machines.

issues in regarding online games that ppl can get sick. lack of sleep and additction. causes weakness, etc. some young ones try to act like ppl in games.

VIRTURAL REALITY GAMES

use of these equipment has many sideeffects that causes problems to ppl health.
ex: hygine issues.
gives off immulated sicknesses.

muna blah part 3

visible human

researches shared visulized work.

for med researches, etc, they would slice open human bodies and look into them for medicine etc. They study these bodies--as parts, not as whole. they photographed them .

these pics have helped others with figuring out diseases such as kidney disease, etc.

calculating risks:

it creats abstract models. lots of games can be stimulating such as car games, etc.

ppl can trust comp simulations too much.-->BAD

can simulated game, etc. be unreliable?

yes. u shouldnt support ur knowledge on comp sim unless proved otherwise.

nawal n fads presentation BLAH part 2

desktop publishing used for producing book, etc.

Wat is dtp?

u can use a book or mag

7 easy steps to creating a book:

1. write the text--use source doc

2. edit text

3. add pics, drawing, etc

4. design basic publication

5. arrange text and graphics in page. if dont have a layout, use a template

6. print ur pages

7. then PUBLISH!

8. Share with friends and family

desktop

AOI: businness and emplyment: it saves money

saves time.

normal ppl use it as well, and can produce their own novels.

S/E ISSUE: equality of Access.--offers hope to everyone.

its now easier to make and share books.

not only businesses use DTP but normal ppl too.

PRESENTATION NOTES blah

SPREADSHEET

spreadsheet softwares allow user control numbers. it can make short work that involves calculations. Malleable matrix is a spread sheet doc which is called a worksheet n appears

values: raw material that spresheet calculates like numbers

labels: helps ppl undersand.

replication: basic copy and paste functions

automatic recalculations: changes all data related to the change.

functions: set calculations like square-root button

Macros: custom-designed procedure programs that automats tasks in apps.

templates: ready2use wroksheets

automatic links: when something changes, all linked wrkshts update auto.

line charts: show trends over time

bar charts: similar to line graph but are more opportune when data falls into more categories.

scatter charts: used to discover the relationship btwn two variables.

-->spreadsheet errors are easy to make and over look.

floow basic guidelines to not go into error.

1. plan wrksht b4 entering values, etc.

2. make assumptions as accurate as possible

3. double check every formula

4. make formula readable

money manages:

-sprdshts are seldom used in accounting

-Accounting is complex with rules formulas laws and traditions.

auto mathematics:

mathematic processors include interactive wizard mode , a program langyage tools for creating interactive stuff.

statistics and data analysis:

data is referred to as data. Statistics are very important and diff branch to math.

-its not an absolute answer

we have to test strength of data

scientific visualization:

ises shapes location in space color brightness, and motion to help read for ex: weather.

calculated risks: computer modeling and simulation:

-comps r used to visualize scientific data thats been collected

-comp model=abstraction--a set of concepts and ideals

comp simulation is used for physical, biological and in engineering.

there are many reasons to use comp sim:

1. safety.

2. economy

3. projection

4. visualization

5. replication.

RISKS:

comp sim--

1.gego revisited Ex: weather forecast. atmosphere very complex so sometimes its wrong.

2. making reality fit in the machine--these are very complex so most likey have difficulties

3. illusion of infallibility: they can be very risky

Database Review

1. RDBMS: Rational Database Managment System

2. Three tables that could be part of a doctors patient relational database name, date, lab reults.

3. Searching the database to find specific information is called a: file search

4. We are concerned about the electronic database because anyone can hack into it and check out different peoples social security numbers (etc.) and be able to steal others identity.

5. 3 different social and ethical issues that are related to online databases is, for one, privacy. Databases give lack of privacy by posting up your information and making it available for customer callers to call, etc. Another s/e issue is authenticuity. Ones information ccould not have been updataed and so what would be given out is wrong information. Lastly, Globalization and cultural diversity. People from all over your world can be on the same database from someone else on the otherside of the world.

6. Something that we need to protect electronic databases from is identity theft. we can protect it by firewall and password security.

http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/04/05/games.schell/index.html?iref=allsearch

article

topic of discussion.

privacy over info in diff. cultures--

info put on the internet can hurt us. ppl can easily find photos, address, name, etc by ur info on internet n can steal identity. employers have to inform employyees if doin internet use.
chinas news publishing has to keep info on ppl for at least 60 days.

rights of individuals w/ respect to storage of personal data--

regulation issues in europe are very strict n difficult to comprehend. DNA.
invasion of privacy even tho its alsa said to help keep down crimes. Gov. given public access to the ppls phone numbers, etc. US has loose protection laws. anyone can take ur pic, etc.

social consequences in the lease of some data--

if data taken, big problem. u can lose money and be given a crime u didnt comit. social security number, tax info, and other stuff.
database is in a harddrive. all info stays on hardware. when u delete, its not entirely deleted. one can easily get their hands on hardware and recover everything.

ethical issues relating to selling data--

another issue is security. social security numbers can be used to identity theft. there are laws for these issues. database must collect data that is only needed. database must inform owner of collected data. to secure accuresy of info etc.

paper files vs. electronic files--

businesses use electronoic way more than paper. its way easier to search files than paper. databse lets anyone person to check it out. most electronic has flaws tho. a persons info can be on database. even if deleted, its still there. nothing can be deleted unless if you just override it. that whats more private bout paper. you can shred it.

Responsabilities for secure of data and databases--

file boxes conain cell numbers, social sec. numbers, ec give out heckaaaa info on millions of ppl. its easy to follow databse. companies retaining info
to prevent breaches, they neeed firewals, etc. consumers have to be careful with what they give out.

social consequences of outdated or incorrect info in databases--

you have to be very careful with what you give out. a person can go onto a diff. database to get info on you. some databases might not have the correct info on you. if they have wrong info on you u wont get what you services you need.

Review ?s pg. 259 #7-11

7. When you sort a data file, you pretty much re-arrange the files alphabetically.

8.

9. Record matching is used to obtain informaton about youby compiling files by combining information from different databases. As long as the table in the databases share a single unique field, then it will be trivial and quick. And example of this is a Social Security number.

10. Yes we have a legal right to privacy.

pg 134 #2-5

2. Compilers and other translator programs compiles the complete translation of the program in a high-level computer language before the program runs for the first time.

Software applications allow users to control computers and perform certain actions without being a programmer.

System software is a software that handles details like which parts of the computer's memory holds a document including the operating system and utility programs.

3. The opperating system has to be the first one put into the drive because its the one that communicates with the harddrive.

4. Ehh?

5. The single-user operating system allows the user to run multiple applications at the same time by creating tasks. Because the CPU can only perform one process at a time, the OS takes schedules amd also manages virtual memory. Multi-user OSs are responsible for authentication (user names and passwords) and authorization (allowing only those with adminstrative priviliges to install or uninstall application programs).

RQ & DQ #1 pg. 134

RQ:

1. The relationship between a program and an algorithm is that programs starts off as an algorithim written in English or some other human language.

DQ:

1. Writing instructions for a computer may be harder than writing instructions for a human because the computer doesnt have a brain to fully understand a concept and ur language. To make them understand, you have to use codes, etc. Whereas humans just use their brains and dont need everything to be all the way done for them to fully understand.

online study guide chapter 13

Book Title: Tomorrow's Technology and You Book Author: Beekman Location on Site: Chapter 13 > Online Study Guide Date/Time Submitted: March 3, 2010 at 2:40 PM (EST)

Summary of Results 71% Correct of 21 Scored items: 15 Correct: 71% 6 Incorrect: 29% 18 total questions in quiz (with 1 question containing multiple pairs), for a total of 21 scored items More information about scoring

Discussion ?s 1, 3, 6

1. E-commerce is very crucial in now-a-day's tech-society. Where internet is the most used, people would rather order thing and but goods online then leave the comfort of their own home. However, though it is so much more practical, its not always a good thing. When buying clothes, you might get a size too big or a size too small--and thats because you didn't try them on! I think that the impact e-commerce haves on customers is now laziness.

3. I can identify opportunities dealing with an extranet by a university or college. A student can definitely receive more info from their for studies, watch classes online, etc.

6. Privacy is perhaps one of the most vital necessities one must have. Personally, i would pay extra for an item i purchased online in return for a guarantee that the company would sell info about my purchase to anyone else. However, when it comes to my own personal comfort, i would tell a store personal info to receive personal service--if i needed it.

practice test ?s itgs

1. explain: Explain why computer based translators often perform translations rather badly.

Computer translations are usually performed badly because one word may have different translations and meanings. So the translator would put a word that isn't commonly used for a term. The computer translator also makes very bad grammar mistakes. For instance instead of saying "Anta ta'kul ta3am" it could say "anta akul ta3am".

2. Explain: how a Markup Language works.

A Markup Language works is a text based language particularly in web pages. Tags are inserted in the text of the page to tell a web browser or other suitable software how to display the text on a user's screen when they open the page.

a) Is e-commerce possible without the Internet? Explain.

No, it is not possible to e-commerce without the internet because the "e" in e-commerce means ELECTRONIC! there is no other way to trade "electronicly" without internet.
b) Describe the 3 forms of e-commerce

3 forms of e-commerce are (B2B): Business to Business which a company handles transactions within its own value chain and with other businesses and organizations.

There is B2C (Business-to-consumer): which represents retail transactions between a company and individual customers.

Lastly, there is C2C (Consumer-to-consumer): this one represents an organization, business or individual thats selling and buying directly with each other through the internet.
c) What are the purposes of an intranet? What are the main characteristics of an intranet?

The purpose of the intranet is to be able to give easy access info to consumers. main characteristics of the intranet are: firewall security for software, network, at least one computer with server software installed, and other computers with client software installed.

IB ITGS QUESTION #2

describe two input devices that would be used in a pilot training computer simulation:

headphones and joysticks are two devices that a pilot training computer simulation used. the joystick would help the pilot direction-wise and headphones help the pilot hear if there are any in-coming airplanes.

Describe advantaged and disadvantages of schools providing their students with USB drives?

An advantage that one would get from this is that if the students printer isnt working, then he/she can at least save it on their usb amd bring it in for school so that they can print from school. A disadvantage may be that students can be very used to the idea and they wouldnt be able to carry the responsibility of finishing their work from home.

Termsssssss 2/16

intranet: it is a private network created using World Wide Web software

middleware: it is a software connecting server to client so that its easier giving information.

e-business: reference to e-commerce of a particular group. company

e-commerce: selling or buying items online

dot-coms: internet based companies

mobile commerce: being able to trade, buy or sell through the cell-phone, smart phones, etc.

Practice Test ?s

1. define:

a.) Computer Simulation-- are programs based o n models in order to imitate a certain scenario. They can be used in wide spectrum of areas, including business, traffic, training communalistic matters, and the weather.

b.) Bandwidth-- bandwidth refers to the speed and the capability of a connection to transfer a certain amount of data per unit of time. mostly units are classified as kb. it refers to the physical measurements of the band through which connection cables pass.

Chap 10 rev. ?s 10n11

10. In what ways can computer security protect the privacy of individuals? in what ways can computer security threaten the privacy of individuals?

Computer security can protect individuals by giving passwords and softwares. Firewalls help protect ones computer security as well as encryptions and audits. However, these may be easily hacked into by genius individuals.

11. What are smart weapons? How do they differ from conventional weapons? what are the advantages and risks of smart weapons?

Smart weapons are missiles that use computerized guidance systems to locate their targets. These weapons can be extremely accurate in pinpointing enemy targets under most circumstances. However, they reduce the amount of time people have to make life-death decisions. As decision-making time goes down, chance of making errors go up.

page 379 ?s 7and 8.

7. What are the two inherent characteristics of computers that make security so difficult?
Two inherent characteristics of computers that make security so difficult are:
- a computer does exactly what its programmed to do, including reveal sensitive information. Any system that can be programmed can be reprogrammed by anyone with sufficient knowledge.
- Any computer can do only what it is programmed to do. "[I]t cannot protect itself from either malfunctions or deliberate attacks unless such events have been specifically anticipated, thought through, and countered with appropriate programming".
8. Describe several different computer security techniques and explain the purpose of each.

Several different security techniques:

-passwords: if choosen carefully, passwords restrict ones access to computer systems and information.

-firewalls: keep internal networks secure while enabling communication with the rest of the internet.

chapter 10 review ?s pg. 379 #2, 4

2. Why is it hard to estimate the extent of computer crime?

It is hard to estimate the extent of computer crime because many computer crimes go, The ones that are detected are often unreported because businesses fear that they can lose more from negative publicity than from the actual crimes.

4. What is the most common computer crime? Who commits it? What is being done to stop it?

The most common computer crime is theft. The ones who usually commit it are ones who have greed, financial worries, or even personal problems. Its also to have revenge on a boss, or just for a prank or they can be a spy. The people are clerks, cashiers, programmers computer operators, and/or managers.

?s for after movie.

1. Name 3 networking sites. How do they allow users to participate?

- Twitter: they allow users to write something, and then send to everyone they knoe and those people then send it to the people they know, etc.

-youtube: people can post themselves asking a politican a question, or even share their opinions.

-blogger. People can blog what their opinions are, whats going on on their mind, etc.

2. Explain the impact of these networking sites in three different areas.

=-Education: Everyone, when coming to research, have to use the internet and type up their work.

-Business: In order for businesses to be found and successfyl, they have to have a facebook, twitter, etc. so that poeple can see them.

-Entertainment:one may easily find entertainment from youtube, facebook, etc. instead of going off far.

3. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of networking as pertaining to 3 social/ethical issues.
Advantages:
Equality of Access
Authenticity
control
Disadvantages:
lack of Privacy & Anonymity
lack of Security
lack of Integrity.

Key Terms Chapter 6/8

-network: A computer system that links two or more computers.

-wireless network: A network which a node has tiny radio or infrared transmitter connected to its network port so it can send and receive data through the air rather than through cables.

-Ethernet: A popular network architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox.

-Wi-Fi: A popular wireless LAN technology that allows multiple computers to connect to a LAN through a base station up to 150 feet away. Often referred to as 802.11 b.

-wireless access point: A communication device, typically connected to a wired network that is used to create a wireless network.

-LAN: local area network: Multiple personal computers connected on a network.

-MAN: metropolitan area network. A service that links two or more LANs within a city.

-WAN: wide area network. a network that extends over a long distance. Each network site is anode on the network.

-node: Each computer and shared peripheral on a local-area connections.

-routers: programs or devices that decide how to route internet transmission.
fiber-optic cable: High-capacity cable that uses light waves to carry information at blinding speeds.

-client: Client programs in desktop computers send information requests through a network to server databases on mainframes, minicomputers, or desktop computers; their servers process queries and send their requested data back to the client.

-host: The name of the host computer, network, or ISP address where the user receives email, contained in the part of an Internet email; address that comes after the at sign (@)

server;

A computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network.

access:

Physical proximity to a person, or knowledge about that person, a common theme in privacy discussions.

access permissions: Features that control access to shared resources in Windows XP Professional.

spam: internet junk mail.

phishing:

The use of a deceptive email message or Web site to lure a person into divulging credit card numbers or other sensitive information.

login:

Connected to a computer system or network.

password:

The most common security tools used to restrict access to computer systems

firewall: a security system consisting of a combination of hardware and software that limits the exposure of a computer or computer network to attack from crackers; commonly used on local area networks that are connected to the internet

VPN:(virtual private network)

A network that uses encryption software to create secure “tunnels” through the public Internet or between intranets; a method an organization can use to set up an extranet.

sysadmin: A system administrator, systems administrator, or sysadmin, is a person employed to maintain and operate a computer system and/or network

nodes:

Each computer and shared peripheral on a local-area network.

work station:

A high-end desktop computer with massive computing power, though less expensive than a minicomputer. Workstations are the most powerful of the desktop computers.

UPS: (uninterrupted power supply).

A hardware device that protects computers from data loss during power failures.

EDI: (electronic data interchange).

A set of specifications for conducting basic business transactions over private networks.

blogs:

Short for Web log, a personal Web page that often carries diary-like entries or political commentaries. Blogs are fast proliferating as new software allows users to create Web pages without having to learn the technical details of HTML and Web authoring.

wiki:

A Web site that lets anyone with access to a Web browser to modify its pages. The best-known example is Wikipedia.

asynchronous communication:

Delayed communication, such as that used for newsgroups and mailing lists, where the sender and the recipients don’t have to be logged in at the same time

real-time communication: chat room, IM
bps: Internet communication that enables you to communicate with other users who are logged on at the same time.

GPS:

A defense department system with 24 satellites that can pinpoint any location on the Earth.

Internet telephony:

A combination of software and hardware technology that enables the Internet to, in effect, serve as a telephone network. Internet telephony systems can use standard telephones, computers, or both to send and receive voice messages.

, VoIP:

protocol that allows the Internet to be used to make voice telephone calls.

, video teleconference:

Face-to-face communication over long distances using video and computer technology.

voice mail:

A telephone-based messaging system with many of the features of an email system.

NOS:

Server operating system software for a local-area network